The Shard was constructed between 2009 and 2012, and BSM self-healing impermeable agent was used for waterproofing the building's foundation and retaining walls. The product was applied in a liquid form and was designed to penetrate deep into the concrete, forming a gel-like substance that would block any water from entering. The self-healing properties of the product meant that any small cracks that formed in the concrete would be sealed automatically, preventing any water from seeping in. Precautions were taken during the application process to ensure the safety of workers and the public, and the weather conditions were carefully monitored to ensure the product would bond properly with the concrete.